By Ryan O’Malley, Fixed Income Portfolio Strategist
Despite the Federal Reserve’s promise to keep the federal funds rate low and support the bond market via quantitative easing, interest rates have seen an acute increase since August 2020. The yield on the 10-year Treasury was 0.52% on August 4 and stood at 1.74% on March 31. Additionally, the U.S. Treasury yield curve has steepened dramatically since August, reflecting rising inflation or growth expectations. The “2s/10s” curve has steepened from around 0.50% to nearly 1.10% over the past year.
The move higher in rates and steepening of the yield curve has resulted in negative total returns for bond investors. The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index returned -3.37% for the first quarter of 2021 and -3.56% from July 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021. These negative fixed income returns, along with concerns about runaway inflation, have led some to speculate that the long bull market in bonds has finally come to an end.
While we may be entering an era of higher GDP growth and inflation expectations, it’s important to remember what typically happens to core bond returns following such sharp interest rate moves.
Sage has looked at 11 such instances of rising rates since 1996 – defined as at least a 75-basis-point increase in the U.S. 10-year Treasury note – and found that in every previous occurrence, bonds outperform once these moves have been exhausted. The aggregate bond index experiences modest negative returns during these periods, on average -1.35%; however, over the course of the next 12 months, returns are usually very strong.
In fact, all 11 instances we’ve studied since 1996 have produced positive returns, with an average return of 8.16% – more than double the typical 4% return expectation for the index.
Asset allocators should take note of this historically strong return stream, especially given the large run-up in equities over the past few years. While much has been written to warn investors that inflation could continue to weaken fixed income returns, the history of the past four decades tells a very different story: it suggests that now may be the time take a fresh look at fixed income.
Disclosures
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