The United States Oil Fund (NYSEArca: USO), which tracks West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures, and the United States Brent Oil Fund (NYSEArca: BNO), are currently experiencing some, albeit modest by oil’s standards, price retrenchment. While oil market fundamentals are not overwhelmingly in favor of bullish traders and some technicians are pointing to fragile charts, some market observers believe dramatic declines on par with what was seen last year are unlikely.

While production has declined in the U.S., recently rebounding oil prices are encouraging exploration and production companies to revisit spending plans with some increasing capital expenditures. That has some oil market observers concerned about a rising rig count and the subsequent impact on crude prices.

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As is usually the case, supply and demand remains a key issue for oil markets and the related exchange traded products. Production is declining in some places, but is rising in others. For example, Venezuela’s output is at multi-year lows. However, supply is coming back online in Nigeria and Algeria is expected to ramp up output. All three countries are OPEC members.

“Just the supply-demand balances across commodities is significantly tighter,” Citi’s Ed Morse told CNBC’s “Squawk Box.” “We are drawing inventories maybe a bit slower than people had thought, but there’s not a lot of new incremental supply to come into the market.”

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OPEC has kept up production to pressure high-cost rivals, such as the developing U.S. shale oil producers. The International Energy Agency expects it will take several years before OPEC can effectively price out high-cost producers.

Some concerned oil market participants believe oil is rallying without strong fundamental cause. A case can be made that oil’s rally is defying still troubling supply dynamics and tepid demand. Elevated levels of production remain an issue for oil as well. OPEC has kept up production to pressure high-cost rivals, such as the developing U.S. shale oil producers. The International Energy Agency expects it will take several years before OPEC can effectively price out high-cost producers.

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The bulk of production cuts “have come from the United States, where low oil prices have forced drillers to cut back on high-cost shale production. U.S. output fell to 8.9 million barrels per day in April from a 45-year high of nearly 9.7 million bpd during the same month last year,” according to CNBC.

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United States Brent Oil Fund