Last week Professor Jeremy Siegel and I chatted with Mark Yusko, Chief Investment Officer of Morgan Creek Capital, about his thoughts concerning extended U.S. valuations and global markets that may offer abundant potential beyond that of the United States.
Reactions to the April Jobs Report
Professor Siegel was generally encouraged by the April jobs report. He especially liked that hourly earnings were up only one-tenth of 1%, as he believes it allows the U.S. Federal Reserve to be more patient about hiking interest rates.
Yusko struck a more doubtful tone. He thinks that in order to get the 3% growth the Fed is looking for, job growth that should run in the range of 260,000 to 280,000 jobs per month.
Professor Siegel retorted that poor economic growth recently has been a function of weak productivity—and that current job growth could be translating to 4% to 5% gross domestic product (GDP) growth if it weren’t for such dismal productivity. For the first time in 22 years, we witnessed two consecutive quarters of negative productivity growth in the U.S.
Why Is the Fed Saying the Market Is Expensive?
Fed Chairman Janet Yellen recently commented that equity valuations are high on a historical basis, but she added the caveat that they are not that high when we consider the low-interest-rate environment that we are in today.
Siegel believes that we could be in a long period of slow growth, with GDP averaging 2%. He thinks this will keep the 10-year TIPS at levels not more than 1.5% and the 10-year nominal Treasury rate at 2.5% to 3% when adding inflation on top of real interest rates. Siegel believes this could justify a 20 to 22 times price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) ratio, while the S&P 500 is currently trading at a P/E ratio of 18 times earnings and its average since 1954 is 16.5x.
Yusko believes that equity valuations are near highs today. He cites the market cap-to-GDP ratio being second only to the period after the technology bubble in 2000–2001. He also places a high value on the price-to-sales metric and is concerned because margins are rolling over and profit growth is negative. Yusko points to GMO co-founder Jeremy Grantham, who sees returns over the next 10 years averaging -1.1%.
Julian Robertson Now Bearish for Third Time in 15 Years
Yusko pointed to his mentor, Julian Robertson, founder of the famous Tiger Management. Robertson has been bearish three times in the last 15 years. The first time was 1999–2000 when he shut down his hedge fund. The second was right before the subprime crisis in 2007. Robertson started getting more bearish last November and has reiterated those worries recently. Yusko is looking for a repeat of the 2000–2002 bear market scenario for U.S. equities.
Professor Siegel cautioned that P/E ratios on the S&P 500 were closer to 30x earnings in 2000–2001 and 90x earnings in the Technology sector with real interest rates between 4% and 5%—much tougher competition for stocks. Siegel believes we are in a very different market environment today—interest rates near zero and more reasonable P/Es—and believes comparison to the 2000-2001 time frame is less relevant.