Gold snapped a three-year losing streak in 2016, but the SPDR Gold Shares (NYSEArca: GLD), iShares Gold Trust (NYSEArca: IAU) and ETFS Physical Swiss Gold Shares (NYSEArca: SGOL) and other gold exchange traded products slumped to end the year with much of that slump attributed to a rise in risk appetite following Donald Trump’s surprising win the November U.S. presidential election.

Investors widely expected gold to rally if Republican Donald Trump won the presidential election earlier this month, which he did, but that thesis proved incorrect. Democratic challenger Hillary Clinton may have actually been the preferred victor for gold ETFs because historical data suggest gold performs better when Democrats are in the White House.

Still, some market observers believe gold will be the go-to destination if risk appetite wanes following Trump officially becoming the 45th president of the United States.

“Many market observers have been turning more bullish on gold in recent weeks, focusing on a range between US$1,200 to US$1,300 an ounce this year once the reality of a Trump presidency sets in and investors get their head around a number of global uncertainties,” according to The Financial Post.

Gold has enjoyed greater demand in a low interest-rate environment as the hard asset becomes more attractive to investors compared to yield-bearing assets. However, traders lose interest in gold when rates rise since the bullion does not produce a yield. That means the specter of three interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve this year could weigh on GLD and friends.

There are ex-US catalysts for gold, however.

“Meanwhile, European elections and the Brexit negotiations could be further unnerving to financial markets and shake investors’ confidence in stocks and the economy,” according to the Financial Post.

Bearish traders can short gold with the ProShares UltraShort Gold (NYSEArca: GLL) provides a two times inverse or -200% daily performance of gold bullion.

Alternatively, ETN options include the DB Gold Double Short ETN (NYSEArca: DZZ), which tries to generate the twice inverse or -200% return of the daily performance of gold; DB Gold Short ETN (NYSEArca: DGZ), which tries to reflect the inverse of gold price movements; and VelocityShares 3x Inverse Gold ETN (NYSEArca: DGLD), which tries to reflect the performance of three times the inverse or -300% daily performance.

For more information on the gold market, visit our gold category.

Tom Lydon’s clients own shares of GLD.