One of the nice things about watching the exchange-traded fund (ETF) industry every day is that you get to see how the universe of ETF users reacts to changing market conditions. That collective response usually takes the form of aggregated net inflows into or outflows from defined asset classes, which ETFs track pretty precisely.
Through February 5, 2014, more than $20 billion had flowed out of ETFs year-to-date, as investors took cover during a sharp market pullback. What categories did the money flow out of? U.S. large-, mid- and small caps, emerging market equity and the more sensitive and cyclical sectors of the S&P 500 ranked within the top categories for redemptions.
But the more interesting question is, what were investors buying? Billions flowed into U.S. Treasury ETFs of both intermediate- and longer-term durations. No surprise there. What may surprise some is that, despite the global sell-off in stocks, on a year-to-date basis billions in new inflows still remained in ETFs that provide exposure to the European and U.K. equity markets.
On Thursday, February 6, 2014, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BOE) gave European investors a reason to cheer: both central banks left their already low interest rates unchanged. Whereas inflation in the U.K. is running at 2%, inflation in Europe is running below 1%, less than half the ECB’s target.
With unemployment for the euro region estimated at 12%, and economic recovery just beginning to kindle on the continent, the ECB said in a written statement that its key interest rates would “remain at present or lower levels for an extended period of time.”
If the inflation rate continues to trend toward zero, it’s possible that the ECB could entertain ever more creative forms of monetary easing, including U.S. and Japan-style quantitative easing.
Europe needs both faster economic growth and some measure of inflation, in part so that the region’s heavily indebted governments to the south have some way of growing out of, or inflating away, their sovereign debt burden. European and U.K. equity markets rallied on the interest rate news, although major equity indexes in Europe still remain well below their 2007 peaks.